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MAX™ CPLD Series

Altera MAX™ complex programmable logic device (CPLD) Series imakupatsirani mphamvu zotsika kwambiri, ma CPLD otsika mtengo.Banja la MAX V CPLD, banja latsopano kwambiri pamndandanda wa CPLD, limapereka mtengo wabwino kwambiri pamsika.Zokhala ndi mamangidwe apadera, osasinthika komanso amodzi mwama CPLD akulu kwambiri pamsika, zida za MAX V zimapereka mawonekedwe atsopano pamphamvu yotsika poyerekeza ndi ma CPLD ampikisano.Banja la MAX II CPLD, kutengera zomangamanga zomwezo, limapereka mphamvu zotsika komanso zotsika mtengo pa pini ya I/O.Ma MAX II CPLD ndi zida zoyatsidwa pompopompo, zosasunthika zomwe zimayang'ana pazolinga zonse, zofikira pang'onopang'ono komanso zida zonyamula, monga kapangidwe ka mafoni am'manja.Zero mphamvu MAX IIZ CPLDs imapereka mwayi womwewo wosasunthika, nthawi yomweyo womwe umapezeka mu banja la MAX II CPLD ndipo umagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Wopangidwa ndi njira yapamwamba ya 0.30-µm CMOS, banja la EEPROM-based MAX 3000A CPLD limapereka kuthekera pompopompo ndipo limapereka kachulukidwe kuyambira ma macrocell 32 mpaka 512.

MAX® V CPLDs

Ma Altera MAX® V CPLDs amapereka mtengo wabwino kwambiri wamakampani pamitengo yotsika, ma CPLD amphamvu otsika, opereka zida zatsopano mpaka 50% mphamvu zotsika poyerekeza ndi ma CPLD ampikisano.Altera MAX V ilinso ndi zomangamanga zapadera, zosasunthika komanso imodzi mwamakampani akuluakulu a CPLDs.Kuphatikiza apo, MAX V imaphatikiza ntchito zambiri zomwe kale zinali zakunja, monga kung'anima, RAM, oscillators, ndi malupu otsekedwa ndi gawo, ndipo nthawi zambiri, imapereka ma I / O ochulukirapo ndi malingaliro pamapazi pamtengo wofanana ndi ma CPLD opikisana. .MAX V imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wobiriwira wobiriwira, wokhala ndi mapaketi ang'onoang'ono ngati 20 mm2.Ma MAX V CPLDs amathandizidwa ndi Quartus II® Software v.10.1, yomwe imalola zowonjezera zokolola zomwe zimapangitsa kuyerekezera kofulumira, kubweretsa bolodi mofulumira, ndi kutseka nthawi mofulumira.

Kodi CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) ndi chiyani? 

Ukadaulo wazidziwitso, intaneti, ndi zida zamagetsi zimagwira ntchito ngati maziko azaka zamakono za digito.Pafupifupi matekinoloje onse amakono amakhalapo chifukwa cha zamagetsi, kuchokera pa intaneti ndi kulumikizana kwa ma cellular kupita ku makompyuta ndi maseva.Electronics ndi gawo lalikulu ndinthambi zambiri.Nkhaniyi ikuphunzitsani za chipangizo chamagetsi chofunika kwambiri cha digito chotchedwa CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device).

Kusintha kwa Digital Electronics

Zamagetsindi gawo lovuta kwambiri lomwe lili ndi zida zambiri zamagetsi ndi zida zake zomwe zilipo.Komabe, kunena mokulira, zida zamagetsi zili m'magulu akulu awiri:analogi ndi digito.

M'masiku oyambirira a umisiri wamagetsi, mabwalo anali ofanana, monga phokoso, kuwala, magetsi, ndi magetsi.Komabe, akatswiri opanga zamagetsi posakhalitsa adazindikira kuti mabwalo a analogi ndi ovuta kupanga komanso okwera mtengo.Kufunika kogwira ntchito mwachangu komanso nthawi yosinthira mwachangu zidapangitsa kuti pakhale zida zamagetsi zamagetsi.Masiku ano pafupifupi makina aliwonse apakompyuta omwe alipo amakhala ndi ma IC a digito ndi mapurosesa.M'dziko lamagetsi, makina a digito tsopano alowa m'malo mwamagetsi a analogi chifukwa chotsika mtengo, phokoso lotsika, bwinoko.chizindikiro cha kukhulupirika, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, komanso kutsika kovutirapo.

Mosiyana ndi chiwerengero chopanda malire cha milingo ya data mu siginecha ya analogi, chizindikiro cha digito chimangokhala ndi magawo awiri amalingaliro (1s ndi 0s).

Mitundu ya Zida Zamagetsi Zamagetsi

Zida zamagetsi zoyambilira zinali zophweka ndipo zinkangokhala ndi zipata zochepa chabe.Komabe, m'kupita kwa nthawi, zovuta za mabwalo a digito zidakula motero, kusinthika kwadongosolo kunakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazida zamakono zowongolera digito.Magulu awiri osiyana a zida zamagetsi adatulukira kuti apereke mwayi wokonzekera.Kalasi yoyamba inali ndi mapangidwe okhazikika a hardware okhala ndi mapulogalamu osinthika.Zitsanzo za zida zotere zimaphatikizapo ma microcontrollers ndi ma microprocessors.Kalasi yachiwiri ya zida za digito idakhala ndi zida zosinthikanso kuti zikwaniritse mapangidwe osinthika a logic circuit.Zitsanzo za zida zotere ndi ma FPGA, ma SPLD, ndi ma CPLD.

Chip cha microcontroller chimakhala ndi chozungulira cha digito chokhazikika chomwe sichingasinthidwe.Komabe, kusinthika kumatheka posintha pulogalamu / firmware yomwe imayenda pa chip microcontroller.M'malo mwake, PLD (programmable logic device) imakhala ndi ma logic angapo omwe amalumikizana nawo amatha kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito HDL (chilankhulo chofotokozera za hardware).Chifukwa chake, mabwalo ambiri omveka amatha kuzindikirika pogwiritsa ntchito PLD.Chifukwa cha izi, magwiridwe antchito ndi liwiro la ma PLD nthawi zambiri amakhala apamwamba kuposa ma microcontrollers ndi ma microprocessors.Ma PLD amapatsanso opanga madera kukhala ndi ufulu wambiri komanso kusinthasintha.

Mabwalo ophatikizika opangidwa kuti aziwongolera digito ndikusintha ma siginecha nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi purosesa, logic circuit, ndi kukumbukira.Iliyonse mwa ma module awa imatha kuzindikirika pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osiyanasiyana.

Chiyambi cha CPLD

Monga tafotokozera kale, pali mitundu ingapo ya ma PLD (zida zosinthika) monga FPGA, CPLD, ndi SPLD.Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pazida izi kumakhala muzovuta zadera komanso kuchuluka kwa ma cell omveka omwe alipo.SPLD nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zipata mazana angapo, pomwe CPLD imakhala ndi zipata zingapo zomveka.

Pankhani ya zovuta, CPLD (complex programmable logic device) ili pakati pa SPLD (chida chosavuta chokonzekera) ndi FPGA motero, imatenga zinthu kuchokera ku zipangizo zonsezi.Ma CPLD ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa ma SPLD koma ocheperako kuposa ma FPGA.

Ma SPLD omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi PAL (programmable array logic), PLA (programmable logic array), ndi GAL (generic array logic).PLA imakhala ndi imodzi NDI ndege ndi imodzi OR ndege.Pulogalamu yofotokozera za hardware imatanthawuza kugwirizanitsa kwa ndegezi.

PAL ndiyofanana kwambiri ndi PLA komabe, pali ndege imodzi yokha yokhazikika m'malo mwa ziwiri (NDI ndege).Pokonza ndege imodzi, zovuta za hardware zimachepetsa.Komabe, phindu ili limapezeka pamtengo wosinthika.

CPLD Architecture

CPLD ikhoza kuonedwa ngati kusinthika kwa PAL ndipo imakhala ndi ma PAL angapo omwe amadziwika kuti macrocell.Mu phukusi la CPLD, zikhomo zonse zolowera zimapezeka ku macrocell aliwonse, pomwe macrocell aliwonse amakhala ndi pini yodzipatulira.

Kuchokera pazithunzi za block, titha kuwona kuti CPLD imakhala ndi ma macrocell angapo kapena ma block block.Ma macrocell amalumikizidwa kudzera pa interconnectable interconnect, yomwe imatchedwanso GIM (global interconnection matrix).Mwa kukonzanso GIM, mabwalo osiyanasiyana amalingaliro amatha kuzindikirika.Ma CPLD amalumikizana ndi mayiko akunja pogwiritsa ntchito digito I/Os.

Kusiyana pakati pa CPLD ndi FPGA

M'zaka zaposachedwa, ma FPGA akhala otchuka kwambiri pakupanga makina osinthika a digito.Pali zofanana zambiri komanso kusiyana pakati pa CPLD ndi FPGA.Ponena za kufanana, zonsezo ndi zida zomangira zokhazikika zomwe zimakhala ndi ma logic gate arrays.Zida zonsezi zidapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma HDL monga Verilog HDL kapena VHDL.

Kusiyana koyamba pakati pa CPLD ndi FPGA kuli pa kuchuluka kwa zipata.CPLD ili ndi zipata zowerengera masauzande angapo, pomwe kuchuluka kwa zipata mu FPGA kumatha kufikira mamiliyoni.Chifukwa chake, mabwalo ovuta ndi machitidwe amatha kuzindikirika pogwiritsa ntchito ma FPGA.Choyipa cha zovuta izi ndi mtengo wokwera.Chifukwa chake, ma CPLD ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zochepa zovuta.

Kusiyana kwina kwakukulu pakati pa zida ziwirizi ndikuti ma CPLD amakhala ndi EEPROM yokhazikika yosasunthika (makumbukidwe osinthika amagetsi osinthika), pomwe ma FPGA amakhala ndi kukumbukira kosakhazikika.Chifukwa cha izi, CPLD imatha kusunga zomwe zili mkati ngakhale zitazimitsidwa, pomwe FPGA siyingasunge zomwe zili.Komanso, chifukwa cha kukumbukira kosasunthika komwe kumamangidwa, CPLD imatha kugwira ntchito itangotha ​​mphamvu.Ma FPGA ambiri, kumbali ina, amafunikira kutsetsereka pang'ono kuchokera kumakumbukiro osasunthika akunja kuti ayambe.

Pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito, ma FPGA ali ndi kuchedwa kwa ma siginecha kosayembekezereka chifukwa cha zomangamanga zovuta kwambiri kuphatikiza ndi machitidwe a wogwiritsa ntchito.Mu CPLDs, kuchedwa kwa pini-to-pini kumakhala kochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha zomangamanga zosavuta.Kuchedwa kwa ma siginecha ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukonza zofunikira zachitetezo komanso zophatikizidwa munthawi yeniyeni.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito komanso magwiridwe antchito ovuta kwambiri, ma FPGA ena amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuposa ma CPLD.Chifukwa chake, kasamalidwe kamafuta ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakina a FPGA.Pachifukwa ichi, machitidwe opangira FPGA nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito masinki otentha ndi mafani oziziritsa ndipo amafunikira magetsi okulirapo, ovuta komanso maukonde ogawa.

Kuchokera kumalo otetezera chidziwitso, ma CPLD ndi otetezeka kwambiri pamene kukumbukira kumangidwira mu chip palokha.M'malo mwake, ma FPGA ambiri amafunikira kukumbukira kosasunthika kwakunja, komwe kumatha kukhala chiwopsezo chachitetezo cha data.Ngakhale ma aligorivimu achinsinsi ali mu FPGAs, ma CPLD amakhala otetezeka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma FPGA.

Mapulogalamu a CPLD

Ma CPLD amapeza kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo mumayendedwe ambiri ochepera mpaka apakatikati owongolera digito ndi mabwalo opangira ma siginecha.Zina mwazofunikira kwambiri ndizo:

1. Ma CPLD atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma bootloaders a FPGA ndi machitidwe ena otheka.
2. Ma CPLD nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma decoder ndi makina amtundu wanthawi zonse pamakina a digito.
3. Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kochepa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, ma CPLD ndi abwino kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ponyamula komansochogwira m'manjazipangizo zamakono.
4. Ma CPLD amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyang'anira chitetezo.