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Chifukwa chiyani silicon ya monocrystalline imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko opangira chip?
Wolemba: harry4112
Link: https://www.zhihu.com/question/515054180/answer/2337519553
Gwero: Zhihu
Ufulu ndi wa wolemba.Chonde funsani wolemba kuti avomereze kusindikizanso zamalonda, ndi tchulani gwero la zosindikizira zosachita malonda.

Chifukwa chiyani mawaya amafunikira zikopa zapulasitiki?Simungagwiritse ntchito waya wamkuwa wopanda kanthu?Chifukwa popanda chikopa cha pulasitiki chowalekanitsa, wayayo amatha kuyatsa magetsi mosavuta akakhudza zinthu zina ndipo sangathe kutumiza mphamvu yamagetsi, kapena bwanji ngati ili yamphamvu ndi kugunda munthu wina?Nanga bwanji ngati mawaya ena osakhala a conductive ayenera kukhala apulasitiki?Osati mwamtheradi, mawaya oyambirira atakulungidwa nsalu, burashi tung mafuta (ndipo tsopano, waya enameled), m'malo enieni, kuganizira mtengo, luso kudzipatula magetsi, etc., kapena ngati mukufuna, mungagwiritse ntchito silicon. , silicon dioxide kuchita kudzipatula, ndithudi, awiriwa kwambiri Chimaona zinthu olimba, okha oyenera chopangidwa, osati ndi mafoni waya, amene ali bwino kwa Chip mkati waya powonekera.

Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizotheka ndi silicon ndi silicon dioxide pakudzipatula kwa waya kwa tchipisi.Inde, chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito magawo a silicon mu tchipisi ndikudzipatula, chimodzimodzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zikopa zapulasitiki pamawaya, opangidwa mobwerera.Mawaya amakhala ndi mawaya amkuwa opanda utoto asanapakidwe utoto ndi zikopa zapulasitiki;tchipisi chili ndi zikopa zotchinjiriza za silicon zisanayalidwe (zokutidwa) ndi mawaya amkuwa opanda kanthu.

Chifukwa chiyani silicon imodzi yokha?Zifukwa ziwiri, choyamba, ziyenera kukhala zoyera kwambiri, apo ayi sizikhala zotsekedwa chifukwa cha khalidwe la otenga nawo mbali ndipo sizidzapereka chidziwitso chapadera cha mbadwo wotsatira wa semiconductor.Izi ndizomveka, sichoncho?Mukufuna kupanga mphambano ya PN pamalo enaake, koma pali kale maatomu ochepa a phosphorous omwe asokonezedwa pamalopo ndipo kale ndi mtundu wa N, ndiye mukufuna kusintha kukhala mtundu wa P?Ndizosavuta kuchoka ku zoyera kupita kuzinthu zambiri, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuchoka kuzinthu zosasinthika kupita ku zoyera, kotero mumayamba ndi silicon yoyera kwambiri.Chifukwa chiyani sichingakhale silicon ya polycrystalline?Zimakhudzana ndi kubadwa kwa magulu a PN (pakhoza kukhala mapangidwe ena, oimiridwa ndi PN) komanso.Izi ndichifukwa choti magawo a PN ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kuti agwirizane komanso mawonekedwe ake ozungulira, omwe amafunikira 100% kutsata zofunikira pakupanga, amatsimikiziridwa ndendende ngati palibe cholakwika cha lattice, ndi "zonyansa" zingati zomwe zimasakanizidwa, ndi magetsi ati. makhalidwe anapezedwa.

Pamene pali zolakwika za lattice, izi siziri choncho.Zowonongeka za lattice mu polysilicon ndizofanana ndi maenje omwe ali pa maziko, ndipo ndi aakulu kwambiri, kotero pamene asphalt imayikidwa, kuyankhidwa kwa magetsi sikufanana ndi kwina kulikonse.Zimakhala 1!Kodi mayendedwe ozungulirawa akadali olondola?Powonjezera, kodi zida zina zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito?Kodi polycrystalline ingagwiritsidwe ntchito?M'mapulogalamu ena, kapena pomwe sizowoneka bwino (mphamvu zamphamvu, malingaliro osafooka), ndizotheka kapena akufufuzidwa.Mwachitsanzo, silikoni ndi doped kwambiri mafupipafupi apamwamba-mkulu, ultra-otsika voteji, kopitilira muyeso-mkulu zinthu panopa, osati abwino kwambiri, ndiye pali silikoni germanium germanium, gallium ndi zipangizo zina, ndipo ngakhale gawo lapansi la Chip, mapanelo a dzuwa chifukwa chachikulu ndi kupereka magetsi amphamvu, osakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusiyana kwa voteji pang'ono, ndithudi, pali mtengo, ambiri a iwo ndi polycrystalline silicon.Ponena za zipangizo zina, pambuyo pake, silicon ili paliponse ndipo imangofunika kuyeretsedwa.Zinthu zina, zomwe zili zovuta kuzipeza, zimafunikanso kuyeretsedwa.