Zamagetsi Zamagetsi IC Chips Integrated Circuits IC TPS74701QDRCRQ1 malo amodzi kugula

Kugwirizana pakati pa ma wafers ndi chips

Chidule cha zowomba

Kuti mumvetse mgwirizano pakati pa zowonda ndi tchipisi, zotsatirazi ndizofotokozera mwachidule zinthu zazikuluzikulu za chidziwitso cha mkate ndi chip.

(i) Kodi mkate wophika mkate ndi chiyani

Zophika ndi zowotcha za silicon zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma silicon semiconductor integrated circuits, omwe amatchedwa mawafa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo ozungulira;amatha kukonzedwa pazitsulo za silicon kuti apange zigawo zosiyanasiyana zozungulira ndikukhala mankhwala ophatikizika ozungulira omwe ali ndi ntchito zinazake zamagetsi.Zopangira zophika ndi silicon, ndipo pamwamba pa dziko lapansi pali silicon dioxide yosatha.Silicon dioxide ore amayengedwa mu ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi, yothiridwa ndi hydrochloric acid ndikusungunula kuti apange polysilicon yoyera kwambiri yokhala ndi 99.99999999999%.

(ii) Zida zopangira zopyapyala

Silicon imayengedwa kuchokera ku mchenga wa quartz ndipo zowotcha zimatsukidwa (99.999%) kuchokera ku chinthu cha silicon, chomwe chimapangidwa kukhala ndodo za silicon zomwe zimakhala zopangira ma semiconductors a quartz pamabwalo ophatikizika.

(iii) Njira yopangira mawafa

Ma Wafers ndiye maziko opangira tchipisi ta semiconductor.Zopangira zofunikira kwambiri zamagawo ophatikizika a semiconductor ndi silicon motero zimafanana ndi zowotcha za silicon.

Silicon imapezeka kwambiri m'chilengedwe mu mawonekedwe a silicates kapena silicon dioxide m'miyala ndi miyala.Kupanga zowotcha za silicon zitha kufotokozedwa mwachidule m'magawo atatu ofunikira: kuyenga ndi kuyeretsa kwa silicon, kukula kwa silicon imodzi ya crystal, ndi kupanga wafer.

Choyamba ndi kuyeretsedwa kwa silicon, komwe mchenga ndi miyala imayikidwa mu ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi pa kutentha pafupifupi 2000 ° C komanso pamaso pa gwero la kaboni.Pa kutentha kwambiri, mpweya ndi silicon dioxide mumchenga ndi miyala amakumana ndi mankhwala anachita (mpweya ndi mpweya, kusiya silicon) kupeza silicon koyera ndi chiyero pafupifupi 98%, amatchedwanso metallurgical kalasi silikoni, amene si. zoyera mokwanira pazida zazing'ono zama elektroniki chifukwa zida zamagetsi za zida za semiconductor zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa zonyansa.Silicon yachitsulo imayeretsedwanso: silicon yophwanyidwa yazitsulo imayikidwa ndi chlorination reaction ndi gaseous hydrogen chloride kuti apange silane yamadzimadzi, yomwe imasungunuka ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi mankhwala ndi ndondomeko yomwe imatulutsa silicon yoyera kwambiri ya 99.9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 %, yomwe imakhala silicon yamagetsi.

Kenako pamabwera kukula kwa silicon ya monocrystalline, njira yodziwika kwambiri yotchedwa kukoka molunjika (njira ya CZ).Monga momwe tawonetsera m'chithunzichi, polysilicon yoyera kwambiri imayikidwa mu crucible ya quartz ndikutenthedwa mosalekeza ndi chowotcha cha graphite chozungulira kunja, kusunga kutentha pafupifupi 1400 ° C.Mpweya wa m'ng'anjo nthawi zambiri umakhala wopanda mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti polysilicon isungunuke popanda kupanga mankhwala osafunika.Kuti apange makhiristo amodzi, kuyang'ana kwa makhiristo kumayendetsedwanso: crucible imazunguliridwa ndi polysilicon kusungunula, kristalo wa mbewu imamizidwa mmenemo, ndipo ndodo yojambula imatengedwa mbali ina pamene pang'onopang'ono ndi vertically kukoka pamwamba kuchokera pamwamba. silicon kusungunuka.Polysilicon yosungunuka imamatira pansi pa kristalo wa mbewu ndipo imakulira m'mwamba molunjika ku dongosolo la kristalo wa mbewu.