Makhalidwe a Zamalonda

Atsogoleri ali patsogolo kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana a msika wa chip analogi

Pakati pa ma IC analogi, kasamalidwe ka mphamvu ndi msika waukulu kwambiri pafupifupi US $ 21.6 biliyoni kapena 42%;msika wa ma signature ndi US $ 14.3 biliyoni (28%) ndipo msika wa RF ndi zinthu zina uli pafupi US $ 15.8 biliyoni, kapena 30%.Mugawo la amplifier, Texas Instruments imakhala ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a msika (29%), ndi ADENO yachiwiri (18%).Mu gawo losinthira deta, ADENO ndiye mtsogoleri wokhazikika, yemwe panopa ali ndi theka la msika wa data converter (48%) ndipo ali ndi nthawi yayitali pa mpikisano wake.Pakuwongolera mphamvu, mtsogoleri, Texas Instruments, ali ndi msika wopitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a msika (21%), pomwe Qualcomm (15%), ADENO (13%), Maxim (12%), ndi Infineon (10%) ali ndi gawo lofanana.

Masiku ano, msika wakumunsi waunyolo wamakina uli ndi gawo laling'ono lamagetsi ogula.mu 2015, kutsika kwa tchipisi ta op-amp kunali makamaka muzolumikizana (36%) ndi mafakitale (33%), pomwe ogula zamagetsi amawerengera 8% yokha.Msika wotsikirapo wa osintha ma data nawonso udapitilira 50% yazogulitsa kumakampani, pomwe zida zamagetsi zogulira zidangokhala 12%.

Makampani opanga zamagetsi, m'malingaliro athu, akhala akuwonjezeka kwaukadaulo komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kufunikira.Chofunikira chachikulu chaunyolo wamakina ndi kuyanjana, m'masiku oyambilira a chitukuko cha tchipisi ta analogi mu 60s ndi 70s, maunyolo azizindikiro amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumunsi kwa mafakitale, zida zamafakitale zolumikizidwa ndi makompyuta komanso makina oyendetsa ndege, kuti agwire ntchitoyi. za zida zamafakitale, zida zowulutsira ndege komanso kulumikizana ndi mayiko akunja.Mwachitsanzo, ndege zimakhala ndi masensa ambiri oti azitha kuuluka, zomwe zimafunika kukonzedwa ndi makina opangira ma signature asanatumizidwe ku digito.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mankhwala ophatikizika amatha kuchepetsa kukula ndi mtengo.Zotsatira zake, kufunikira kwa unyolo wamakina mumakampani azaka za m'ma 1960 ndi 1970 kudapangitsa kukula kwa zimphona zoyambirira za analogi monga ADI ndi Texas Instruments.M'zaka za m'ma 1980-2000s, kufunikira kwa kuyanjana kwamagetsi ogula kunapita ku mphamvu kupita ku mphamvu, momwemonso ndikuyendetsa kukula kwa ma siginecha pansi pamagetsi ogula.

Msika wamagetsi ogula zinthu umadziwika ndi kusintha kwachangu kwazinthu komanso kufunikira kwamtengo wapatali, kotero poyerekeza ndi kulondola kwakukulu komwe msika wamakampani akufunidwa komanso kuthamanga kwachangu komwe msika wolumikizirana umafunidwa, kufunikira kwa msika wamagetsi ogula ndi kutsika mtengo komanso mawonekedwe afupikitsa. , ndipo zophatikizidwira zamakina opangira ma siginecha ndizoyenera kukwaniritsa zofunidwa kuposa zodziwikiratu.

M'zaka khumi zapitazi, kufunikira kwa magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito polumikizana kwakhala ndi gawo lochepa popitiliza kuyendetsa zovuta za chain chain.Ndiko kuti, 1) kuchokera pamawonedwe a magwiridwe antchito, ma microcontrollers ophatikizika a data atha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamagetsi ogula ambiri.2) kuchokera pamalingaliro amtengo wapatali, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito a mafoni am'manja, kuphatikiza kowonjezereka kumatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.3) kuchokera pamapangidwe apangidwe, osinthira ma data ang'onoang'ono, ngakhale magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, koma zovuta zamapangidwe kachitidwe zimafunikira kwambiri, opanga zamagetsi ogula amayenera kuganizira za liwiro, kusamvana, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndi zina, ngati onse agwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chowonekera. chain chip, zidzakhala zovuta kuti zigwirizane ndi zofuna za msika zomwe zikusintha mofulumira.

Zotsatira zake, pazaka khumi zapitazi, zinthu zambiri zamasiginecha zamagetsi ogula zidaphatikizidwa mu ma microcontrollers/SoCs, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kukula kwachiwerengero kutsika pamsika wamagetsi ogula.

Zosintha pakusakaniza kwazinthu: kasamalidwe ka mphamvu kakupindula ndi kukula kwamagetsi ogula ndi mafakitale

Kuyambira m'ma 1990, gawo lazinthu zamakina azizindikiro zatsika pang'onopang'ono.mu 1981, amplifiers ntchito mlandu 19% ya msika analogi tchipisi, pamene 2018 chiwerengerochi anachepetsedwa 6% ndipo msika unakula kuchokera $200 miliyoni chabe $3.5 biliyoni.Osinthira digito-to-analogi nawonso, kuyambira 1981 mpaka 2018, gawo la osinthira digito-to-analogi mu tchipisi ta analogi adatsika kuchokera 19% mpaka 6%, ndipo kukula kwa msika kudakula kuchokera ku US $ 300 miliyoni mpaka US $ 3.9 biliyoni.

Komano, zida zowongolera mphamvu zakula mwachangu kuyambira m'ma 1990, zikukula kukhala gawo lalikulu lamakampani opanga ma analogi.mu 1981, msika wa tchipisi zowongolera mphamvu unali $100 miliyoni chabe, ndipo lero, wakula kukhala bizinesi ya $25 biliyoni.Gawo la tchipisi tamagetsi mumsika wa analogi wakwera kwambiri kuchokera pa 8% mu 1981 ndi 9% mu 1995 mpaka 43% lero (2018).

Timakhulupirira kuti izi zimayendetsedwa ndi kufunikira kwatsopano kwa kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu mu gawo la ogula.Kupanga zida zamphamvu zotsika, zocheperako, komanso zonyamulika kwapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zamakono zosinthira mphamvu ndi zofunikira.

Kufunika kwa ndalama zochepetsera mphamvu zamagetsi pamagetsi ogula ndikuyendetsa kukula kwamakampani opanga zida zamagetsi.Ndi kuwonjezera kwa zinthu zatsopano kwa ogula zamagetsi, ma audio, mavidiyo, ndi zina zotero, magetsi ogula akupitiriza kukhala ovuta kwambiri.Sikuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi kumangowonjezereka tsiku lililonse likapita, koma kuchuluka kwa ma voltages omwe akufunika kuthandizidwa akukulanso, kumafuna tchipisi tating'onoting'ono tomwe titha kuwonjezera mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yoyimilira ndikuwongolera kuphatikiza kuthandizira ma voltages angapo.Kuonjezera apo, monga kukula kwa kachulukidwe ka mphamvu ya mabatire a lithiamu kwacheperachepera, kotero njira yokhayo yopezera kupambana ndikuchokera ku chip kasamalidwe ka mphamvu.Choncho, chitukuko cha zamagetsi ogula chikupitiriza kuyendetsa opanga ma analogi chip kuti awonetsetse tchipisi tamagetsi ndi ntchito zovuta kwambiri, kuchita bwino kwambiri, komanso kuchepa kwa voliyumu yotsika, kulimbikitsa kukula kwamakampani opanga zida zamphamvu zonse.

Kufunika kopulumutsa mphamvu pazida zazikulu zowononga mphamvu m'mafakitale kwathandiziranso kukula kwamakampani opanga zida zamagetsi.Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu m'mafakitale makamaka kumachokera kumagalimoto ndi kuyatsa.Ma motors makamaka ndi mapampu, mafani, ma compressor, makina otumizira, ndi zina zambiri. Mphamvu zomwe zimadyedwa ndi ma motors zimatengera pafupifupi 80% yamagetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale.Chifukwa chake, kufunikira kopulumutsa mphamvu m'mafakitale kwalimbikitsa tchipisi tamagetsi kuti tipititse patsogolo kusinthika kwachangu.Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito ma motors othamanga kumatha kupulumutsa mpaka 40% ya mphamvu zamagetsi, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosinthira bwino kumatha kupulumutsa mpaka 35%, zonse mothandizidwa ndi tchipisi tapamwamba kwambiri.

M'tsogolomu, zofuna zatsopano zidzapitiriza kuyendetsa chitukuko cha kasamalidwe ka mphamvu, kuyambira pakuwongolera kosavuta kwa kuyatsa kwa LED kupita ku zofunikira zamasiku ano za dimming ndi kusintha kwa mitundu, kuyika patsogolo zovuta komanso zanzeru zolamulira za tchipisi tamagetsi.Kuphatikiza apo, zida zina kuti zigwirizane ndi momwe zimakhalira, zida zamagetsi kuchokera kumagetsi a adapter kupita ku mphamvu ya batri, zomwe zimabweretsa kufunikira kwa chipangizo cha batire.

Kusintha mitundu yamabizinesi: kukwera kwa tchipisi totengera ntchito kumachepetsa kufunika kwa nsalu zodzipangira zokha

Mapangidwe a tchipisi ta analogi okhazikika komanso ogwiritsira ntchito amatsutsidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kutumiza komanso kukula kwa msika.Pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa kutumiza, gawo la tchipisi ta analogi (64%) ndilokwera kwambiri kuposa la tchipisi tapadera ta analogi (36%), koma kutengera kukula kwa msika, ndi tchipisi tapadera ta analogi (62%). apamwamba kuposa tchipisi ta analogi (38%).Gawani.

Timakhulupirira kuti tchipisi ta analogi tokhala ndi ntchito timakumana ndi makonda omwe ali ndi mtengo wowonjezera.Mapangidwe ndi mapangidwe ake ndi njira ziwiri zazikulu zosinthira magwiridwe antchito pazida za analogi.Tchipisi wamba wa analogi ndi wamba, mapangidwe ake amasiyana pang'ono kuchokera kwa wopanga kupita kwa wopanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wotsika.Mpikisano pakati pa opanga umadalira kwambiri ndondomeko ndi teknoloji ndipo umafuna nsalu zambiri zodzipangira.

Tchipisi zokhazikika za analogi zimayang'anizana ndi kufunikira kwazinthu zotsika mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo kwambiri chifukwa chake samalani kwambiri ndi njirayi.Kutsika mtengo kumatheka makamaka mwa kufupikitsa ndondomeko ya chip kuti muchepetse m'lifupi mwake, motero kupangitsa kukula kochepa ndi kutsika mtengo ndi ntchito yomweyo.M'masiku oyambilira, kufunikira kwakukulu kwa tchipisi ta analogi kunali kwa tchipisi tokhazikika, mwachitsanzo, ADI idapeza zabwino zambiri popanga ndalama mwachangu pomanga mbewu mu 80s ndi 90s.

Tchipisi ta analogi zotengera kugwiritsa ntchito zidakumana ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana, motero zinali zokhazikika pamapangidwe komanso zinali ndi mtengo wowonjezera.M'zaka zapitazi, pamene zovuta zamagetsi zidawonjezeka, kusinthika kwapadera kwa mtundu wina wa gawo kunakhala kofunika kwambiri, makamaka m'mafakitale omwe makasitomala ambiri anali ndi zofunikira zosagwirizana ndi liwiro, kulondola, kusakanikirana, mtengo, ndi kukula kwake, zomwe zimafuna. opanga ma analogi chip kuti agulitse malonda kuti akwaniritse bwino, zomwe zimafunikira ogwira ntchito odziwa bwino ntchito za R&D kuti apange.Kupanga nsalu zawo kuti apititse patsogolo njira kunakhala kocheperako ndipo chifukwa chake, pambuyo pa 2000, ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito za ADI monga kuchuluka kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito zidachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo tchipisi zambiri zidapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito zida za TSMC.

M'tsogolomu, tchipisi ta analogi togwiritsa ntchito tidzayendetsa bwino mavenda opanda pake.Kutuluka kwazinthu zoyambira monga TSMC ndi SMIC kwathandiza makampani opanga ma chip kuti apewe kulemedwa kwakukulu kwa nsalu zomangira ndikuyang'ana kwambiri ma chip omwewo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti apange nsalu zingapo zabwino kwambiri zopanda (Fabless).Mapangidwe a IC ku Mainland China adakula kuchokera ku US $ 5.66 biliyoni mu 2010 mpaka US $ 24.75 biliyoni mu 2016, chiwonjezeko chapachaka cha 28%, ndipo kuchuluka kwamakampani opanda pake kudakwera kuchoka pa 569 mu 2012 mpaka 1,362 mu 2016. kufunikira kwa tchipisi totengera ntchito kumawonjezeka m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, makampani opanda pake omwe ali ndi mapangidwe apamwamba komanso luso lachitukuko akuyembekezeka kuwonekera.