Kuyambira chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1800, njira zogawira magetsi (zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa ma gridi) zakhala gwero lalikulu la magetsi padziko lonse lapansi.Ma gridi awa akapangidwa, amagwira ntchito mophweka - amapanga magetsi ndikutumiza ku nyumba, nyumba, ndi kulikonse komwe kukufunika magetsi.
Koma pamene kufunikira kwa magetsi kukuwonjezeka, gridi yogwira ntchito bwino ikufunika.Makina amakono ogawa magetsi a "smart grid" omwe tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi amadalira luso lamakono kuti akwaniritse bwino.Pepalali likuwunikira tanthauzo la gridi yanzeru komanso matekinoloje ofunikira omwe amawapangitsa kukhala anzeru.
Ndi chiyaniluso la grid?
Gridi yanzeru ndi njira yogawa mphamvu yomwe imapereka kulumikizana kwanjira ziwiri pakati pa othandizira ndi makasitomala.Ukadaulo wapa digito womwe umathandizira ukadaulo wa gridi wanzeru umaphatikizapo masensa amphamvu/apano, zida zowongolera, malo opangira data ndi mita anzeru.
Ma gridi ena anzeru ndi anzeru kuposa ena.Maiko ambiri ayang'ana khama lalikulu pakusintha ma gridi ogawa osatha kukhala ma gridi anzeru, koma kusinthaku kumakhala kovuta ndipo kudzatenga zaka kapena makumi angapo.
Zitsanzo zaukadaulo wa gridi yanzeru ndi zida zamagulu anzeru
Smart Meters - Smart mita ndiye gawo loyamba pomanga gridi yanzeru.Mamita a Smart amapereka deta yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu kwa makasitomala ndi opanga zofunikira.Amapereka chidziwitso chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso mtengo kuti achenjeze ogwiritsa ntchito kuti achepetse kuwononga mphamvu komanso kuthandiza othandizira kukhathamiritsa katundu wogawa pagululi.Ma Smart mita nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magawo atatu akulu: mphamvu yoyezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, chowongolera chowongolera ukadaulo mkati mwa mita yanzeru, ndi njira yolankhulirana yotumiza ndikulandila kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu / kulamula.Kuonjezera apo, mamita ena anzeru amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera (pamene mzere waukulu wogawa uli pansi) ndi ma modules a GSM kuti adziwe malo a mita kuti ateteze.
Ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi mu smart metres zawonjezeka kawiri pazaka khumi zapitazi.Mu 2014, ndalama zapachaka zapadziko lonse za smart metres zinali $ 11 miliyoni.Malinga ndi Statista, ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi zamamita anzeru zimafika $21 miliyoni pofika 2019, poganizira momwe dongosolo limapindulira pogwiritsa ntchito makina anzeru.
Kusintha kwa Smart load ndi ma switchboards ogawa - Ngakhale kuti mamita anzeru angapereke deta yeniyeni kwa opereka chithandizo, samangoyang'anira kugawa mphamvu.Kuti apititse patsogolo kugawa kwamagetsi panthawi yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kapena kumalo enaake, zida zamagetsi zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zowongolera mphamvu monga zosinthira zanzeru zowongolera katundu ndi ma switchboard.Tekinoloje iyi imapulumutsa mphamvu zambiri pochepetsa kugawa kosafunikira kapena kuyang'anira zinthu zomwe zadutsa nthawi yovomerezeka yogwiritsira ntchito.Kuti apititse patsogolo kugawa kwamagetsi panthawi yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kapena kumalo enaake, zida zamagetsi zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zowongolera mphamvu monga zosinthira zanzeru zowongolera katundu ndi ma switchboard.Tekinoloje iyi imapulumutsa mphamvu zambiri pochepetsa kugawa kosafunikira kapena kuyang'anira zinthu zomwe zadutsa nthawi yovomerezeka yogwiritsira ntchito.
Mwachitsanzo, mzinda wa Wadsworth, Ohio, umagwiritsa ntchito makina ogawa magetsi omwe anamangidwa mu 1916. Mzinda wa Wadsworth unagwirizana ndi kampani ya Itron, yopanga makina opangira magetsi.Kusintha kwa Smart Load Control(SLCS), kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndi maola 5,300 megawati pokhazikitsa SLCS m'nyumba kuti azizungulira ma compressor oziziritsa mpweya panthawi yomwe magetsi amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.Power System Automation - Makina opanga magetsi amathandizidwa ndi ukadaulo wa gridi wanzeru, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono za IT kuwongolera ulalo uliwonse pagawo logawa.Mwachitsanzo, makina opangira magetsi amagwiritsa ntchito njira zanzeru zosonkhanitsira deta (zofanana ndi zamamita anzeru), zida zowongolera mphamvu (monga ma switch owongolera katundu), zida zowunikira, makina apakompyuta, ndi ma algorithms amagetsi.Kuphatikizika kwa zigawo zazikuluzikuluzi kumapangitsa gululi (kapena ma gridi angapo) kuti lizisintha zokha ndikudzikonzekeretsa ndi kuyanjana kochepa kwa anthu komwe kumafunikira.
Kukhazikitsa kwa Smart Grid
Pamene digito, njira ziwiri zoyankhulirana ndi matekinoloje amagetsi akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu gridi yanzeru, kusintha kwazinthu zingapo kudzakulitsa luso la gridi.Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Smart Grid kwathandizira kusintha kotereku:
1.Decentralized mphamvu kupanga
Chifukwa gululi wanzeru amatha kuyang'anira ndikuwongolera kugawa mphamvu mosalekeza, sipafunikanso fakitole imodzi yayikulu yopangira magetsi.M'malo mwake, magetsi amatha kupangidwa ndi malo ambiri opangira magetsi, monga ma turbines amphepo, minda yoyendera dzuwa, mapanelo a dzuwa a photovoltaic, madamu ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi, ndi zina zambiri.
2.Msika wogawanika
Ma gridi anzeru amathandiziranso kulumikizana kwa ma gridi angapo ngati njira yogawana mphamvu mwanzeru pamakina apakatikati.Mwachitsanzo, m'mbuyomu, ma municipalities anali ndi zopangira zosiyana zomwe sizinagwirizane ndi ma municipalities oyandikana nawo.Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma gridi anzeru, ma municipalities atha kuthandizira ku ndondomeko yogawana nawo kuti athetse kudalira kwa kupanga magetsi atayika.
3.Kutumiza kwapang'ono
Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zowononga mphamvu mu gridi ndikugawa mphamvu pamtunda wautali.Poganizira kuti ma gridi anzeru amagawa zopanga ndi misika, mtunda wogawa ukonde mkati mwa gululi wanzeru umachepetsedwa kwambiri, motero kumachepetsa zinyalala zogawa.Tangoganizani, mwachitsanzo, famu yaying'ono yoyendera dzuwa yomwe imapanga 100% yamagetsi omwe amafunikira masana, pamtunda wa kilomita imodzi yokha.Popanda famu yoyendera dzuwa, anthu ammudzi angafunikire kupeza magetsi kuchokera pamalo opangira magetsi okulirapo pamtunda wa makilomita 100.Kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu komwe kumawonedwa panthawi yotumizira kuchokera kumafakitale akutali kungakhale kokulirapo kuwirikiza ka zana kuposa kutayika kwamagetsi komwe kumawonedwa kuchokera kumafamu oyendera dzuwa.
4.Kugawa kwanjira ziwiri
Pankhani ya minda ya dzuwa yam'deralo, pangakhale vuto limene famu ya dzuwa imatha kupanga mphamvu zambiri kuposa momwe anthu ammudzi amagwiritsira ntchito, motero amapanga mphamvu zowonjezera.Mphamvu zochulukirazi zitha kugawidwa mu gridi yanzeru, kuthandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe ali kutali.
Pachifukwa ichi, mphamvu zimachokera ku famu ya dzuwa kupita ku gridi yayikulu yopanda anthu masana, koma pamene famu ya dzuwa ilibe mphamvu, mphamvu imachokera ku gridi yaikulu kupita kumudzi umenewo.Kuthamanga kwa mphamvu ziwirizi kumatha kuyang'aniridwa ndikuwongoleredwa ndi ma algorithms ogawa mphamvu kuti zitsimikizire kuti mphamvu yocheperako imawonongeka nthawi iliyonse ikagwiritsidwa ntchito.
5.Kutenga nawo gawo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito
M'magawo anzeru a gridi omwe ali ndi magawo awiri ogawa komanso malire a gridi, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kukhala ngati ma jenereta ang'onoang'ono.Mwachitsanzo, nyumba zapayekha zimatha kukhala ndi ma solar oyimira okha a photovoltaic omwe amapanga magetsi akagwiritsidwa ntchito.Ngati nyumba ya PV imapanga mphamvu zochulukirapo, mphamvuyi imatha kuperekedwa ku gridi yayikulu, ndikuchepetsanso kufunikira kwa mafakitale akuluakulu apakati.
Kufunika kwa Smart Grid
Pamlingo waukulu wachuma, ma gridi anzeru ndi ofunikira kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi.Othandizira ambiri am'deralo ndi maboma amapereka njira zowolowa manja komanso zankhanza kuti atenge nawo gawo pakukhazikitsidwa kwa ma gridi anzeru chifukwa ndizopindulitsa pazachuma komanso zachilengedwe.Pogwiritsa ntchito gululi wanzeru, kupanga mphamvu kumatha kugawidwa m'madera ambiri, motero kuthetsa chiopsezo cha kuzimitsidwa, kuchepetsa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito magetsi, ndi kuthetsa kuwononga mphamvu kosafunikira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-15-2023