Gulu la Yole ndi ATREG lero likuwunikiranso zachuma chamakampani opanga zida zapadziko lonse lapansi mpaka pano ndikukambirana momwe osewera akulu akuyenera kusungitsira ndalama kuti ateteze unyolo wawo komanso kuchuluka kwa chip.
Zaka zisanu zapitazi zawona kusintha kwakukulu mumakampani opanga chip, monga Intel kutaya korona kwa opikisana nawo awiri atsopano, Samsung ndi TSMC.Katswiri Waukulu wa Intelligence Pierre Cambou anali ndi mwayi wokambirana za momwe msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wapangidwira komanso kusinthika kwake.
Pakukambirana kosiyanasiyana, adafotokoza za msika ndi zomwe zikuyembekezeka kukula, komanso chilengedwe chapadziko lonse lapansi komanso momwe makampani angakwaniritsire zoperekera.Kuwunika kwa ndalama zaposachedwa kwambiri pamakampani ndi njira za osewera otsogola akuwunikidwa, komanso kukambirana momwe makampani a semiconductor akulimbikitsira maunyolo awo padziko lonse lapansi.
Global Investment
Msika wonse wapadziko lonse lapansi wa semiconductor ukukula kuchokera pamtengo wa US $ 850 biliyoni mu 2021 mpaka US $ 913 biliyoni mu 2022.
United States ili ndi gawo la 41% pamsika;
Taiwan, China ikukula kuchokera 15% mu 2021 mpaka 17% mu 2022;
South Korea idatsika kuchokera 17% mu 2021 kufika 13% mu 2022;
Japan ndi Europe sizisintha - 11% ndi 9%, motero;
Mainland China ikukwera kuchoka pa 4% mu 2021 kufika pa 5% mu 2022.
Msika wa zida za semiconductor ukukula kuchokera ku US $ 555 biliyoni mu 2021 mpaka US $ 573 biliyoni mu 2022.
Gawo la msika waku US likukula kuchokera ku 51% mu 2021 mpaka 53% mu 2022;
South Korea idatsika kuchoka pa 22% mu 2021 mpaka 18% mu 2022;
Msika waku Japan ukukwera kuchoka pa 8% mu 2021 kufika pa 9% mu 2022;
Mainland China ikukwera kuchoka pa 5% mu 2021 kufika pa 6% mu 2022;
Taiwan ndi Europe sizisintha pa 5% ndi 9% motsatana.
Komabe, kukula kwa msika wamakampani a zida za semiconductor aku US kukucheperachepera pang'onopang'ono, pomwe mtengo wapadziko lonse lapansi ukutsika mpaka 32% pofika 2022. Pakalipano, dziko la China lakhazikitsa mapulani akukula okwana US $ 143 biliyoni pofika 2025.
US ndi EU CHIPS Act
US Chip and Science Act, yomwe idaperekedwa mu Ogasiti 2022, ipereka $ 53 biliyoni makamaka kwa ma semiconductors kuti apititse patsogolo kafukufuku wapakhomo ndi kupanga.
Lamulo laposachedwa kwambiri la European Union (EU) CHIPS Act, lomwe lidavotera mu Epulo 2023, limapereka ndalama zokwana $47 biliyoni zomwe, kuphatikiza ndi gawo la US, zitha kupereka $100 biliyoni pulogalamu yodutsa Atlantic, 53/47% US/EU.
Pazaka ziwiri zapitazi, opanga ma chip padziko lonse lapansi akhala akupanga zilengezo zodziwika bwino zokopa ndalama za CHIPS Act.Kampani yatsopano yaku US ya Wolfspeed yalengeza za ndalama zokwana madola 5 biliyoni mu chomera chake cha 200mm silicon carbide (SiC) mkati mwa Massinami pafupi ndi Utica, New York, yomwe iyamba kupanga mu Epulo 2022. Intel, TSMC, IBM, Samsung, Micron Technology ndi Texas. Zida zayambanso zomwe ATREG ikufotokoza ngati kukulitsa kwaukali pofuna kupeza gawo la ndalama zogulira ndalama zaku US.
Makampani aku US amakhala ndi 60% ya ndalama zomwe dzikolo likuchita mu semiconductors.
Ndalama zakunja zakunja (DFI) zimawerengera ena onse, atero a Pierre Kambou, katswiri wamkulu wa Yole Intelligence.Kuyika kwa TSMC kwa $40 biliyoni pakumanga kwa nsalu ku Arizona ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri, ndikutsatiridwa ndi Samsung ($ 25 biliyoni), SK Hynix ($ 15 biliyoni), NXP ($ 2.6 biliyoni), Bosch ($ 1.5 biliyoni) ndi X-Fab ($ 200 miliyoni) .
Boma la US silikufuna kuthandizira ntchito yonseyi, koma lipereka ndalama zofanana ndi 5% mpaka 15% ya ndalama zomwe kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito, ndipo ndalama siziyenera kupitirira 35% ya ndalamazo.Makampani athanso kufunsira ngongole zamisonkho kuti abweze 25% ya ndalama zomanga polojekitiyi.“Pakadali pano, mayiko 20 a ku America apanga ndalama zoposa $210 biliyoni pabizinesi yachinsinsi kuyambira pomwe lamulo la CHIPS lidasainidwa kukhala lamulo,” adatero Rothrock."Kuyitanira koyamba kwa ndalama zofunsira za CHIPS Act kumatsegulidwa kumapeto kwa February 2023 kwa ntchito zomanga, kukulitsa kapena kukonzanso malo ogulitsa kuti apange makina otsogola, amakono komanso okhwima, kuphatikiza chowotcha chakutsogolo. zopangira ndi zopangira zinthu zakale."
"Ku EU, Intel ikukonzekera kumanga $ 20 biliyoni ku Magdeburg, Germany, ndi $ 5 biliyoni yopangira katundu ndi kuyesa malo ku Poland. Mgwirizano pakati pa STMicroelectronics ndi GlobalFoundries udzawonanso ndalama zokwana madola 7 biliyoni mu nsalu yatsopano ku France. Kuphatikiza apo, TSMC, Bosch, NXP ndi Infineon akukambirana za mgwirizano wa $ 11 biliyoni. "Cambou anawonjezera.
IDM ikugulitsanso ndalama ku Europe ndipo Infineon Technologies yakhazikitsa projekiti ya $ 5 biliyoni ku Dresden, Germany."Makampani a EU amawerengera 15% ya ndalama zomwe zalengezedwa mkati mwa EU. DFI imawerengera 85%," adatero Cambou.
Poganizira zolengeza kuchokera ku South Korea ndi Taiwan, Cambou adatsimikiza kuti US idzalandira 26% ya ndalama zonse zapadziko lonse lapansi za semiconductor ndi EU 8%, ponena kuti izi zimalola US kulamulira mayendedwe ake, koma ikulephera kukwaniritsa cholinga cha EU. kulamulira 20% ya mphamvu zapadziko lonse pofika 2030.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-09-2023