Makhalidwe a Zamalonda

Unyolo wamakina ndi kasamalidwe ka mphamvu: mitundu iwiri yofunikira ya analogi chip

Zogulitsa za Signal chain, zomwe makamaka zimakhala ndi ma amplifiers ogwirira ntchito ndi zosinthira ma data, zimakwaniritsa zofunikira pakulumikizana kwa chidziwitso.Mu makina osakanikirana a digito-to-analog, ndondomeko yokwanira yowonetsera zizindikiro ndi motere.

Zomverera: Zizindikiro zakunja zakunja, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomveka, zithunzi, kutentha, chinyezi, kuthamanga, ndi zina zambiri, zimapezedwa ndi masensa ndikusinthidwa kukhala ma analogi anthawi zonse ogwirizana ndi ma siginecha awa, nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati magetsi/ panopa.

Ma Amplifiers ndi Zosefera: Zizindikiro za analogi zimakonzedwa ndi mayunitsi owongolera ma siginecha okhala ndi zokulitsa ndi zosefera.Amplifier imathandizira kukulitsa ma siginecha ang'onoang'ono, ofooka a analogi kuti azitha kusintha kuti akhale ndi gawo lonse la ADC;fyulutayo imagwira ntchito makamaka pochepetsa chizindikiro kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira za chiphunzitso cha Sampling cha Nyquist.

Chosinthira deta: ADC imatembenuza ma voliyumu / siginecha yamakono kukhala yofananira ndi kuchuluka kwa digito, komwe kumaperekedwa kugawo lotsatira la digito kuti lisinthidwe.

Kukonzekera kwa digito: Kuchulukira kwa digito kumasinthidwa ndi makina opangira digito (MCU, DSP, kapena FPGA), omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa ma algorithms opangira ma siginecha.

Kusintha kwa data: Kuchulukira kwa digito pambuyo pakukonzedwa ndi makina opangira digito kumatumizidwa ku DAC, komwe kumasinthidwanso kukhala chizindikiro chosalekeza cha analogi.

Zosefera: Monga chizindikiro chotuluka cha DAC chili ndi zigawo za "sitepe" zapamwamba kwambiri, fyuluta yokonzanso imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusefa phokoso lapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chizindikiro chosinthika cha analogi.

Chofunika kwambiri mwa izi ndi amplifier yogwira ntchito ndi chosinthira deta.

Ma amplifiers ogwirira ntchito ndi "zomangamanga" zamabwalo a analogi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.Ma amplifiers ogwirira ntchito ndi mabwalo okulitsa omwe amawonjezera ndi kuphatikiza ma siginecha a analogi ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa zizindikiro zazing'ono, zofooka kukhala zazikulu.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ma amplifiers ogwira ntchito ndi maziko a zipangizo zambiri za analogi, monga zosinthira digito-to-analog, zosinthira zamakono, zosefera, zofananira, ndi zowongolera mzere.Titha kunena kuti amplifiers ogwirira ntchito ndi "zomangamanga" zamabwalo a analogi.

Otembenuza ma data ndi mlatho pakati pa machitidwe a analogi ndi digito ndipo ndizofunikira.Makina osinthira aanaloji kupita ku digito (ADC) ali ndi udindo wosintha ma sign a analogi kukhala ma siginecha a digito ndipo chosinthira cha digito-to-analoji (DAC) ndi yomwe ili ndi udindo wosintha ma sign a digito kukhala ma analogi.Zomverera zimatembenuza kutentha kwenikweni, kupanikizika, phokoso, ndi zina zotero kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zizindikiro za analogi ndipo sizingadziwike ndi kusinthidwa ndi makina a digito.Pokhapokha potembenuzidwa ndi ADC ndipamene angathe kugwidwa ndikukonzedwa ndi MCU.Kuphatikiza apo, okamba, ndi zina zambiri amafunikira kuyika kwa siginecha ya analogi kuti agwire ntchito, motero ma DAC amafunikira kuti asinthe ma siginecha a digito omwe amapangidwa ndi makina a digito kukhala ma analogi.Chifukwa chake, nthawi iliyonse ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa digito, chosinthira data chiyenera kukhalapo.

Op-amps ndiye maziko a zida zambiri za analogi, mwachitsanzo, zosefera zimapangidwa ndi op-amps ndi resistors.

Otembenuza ma data amaphatikizapo otembenuza a digito-to-analog (DACs) ndi otembenuza a analogi-to-digital (ADCs)

Kuwongolera mphamvu ndikofunikira pamagawo amagetsi.Malingana ngati dongosolo lamagetsi likufuna magetsi, magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi, mabatire, ndi zina zotero. Malingana ndi mtundu wa zolowetsa ndi zotulutsa zamakono, tikhoza kugawa oyang'anira mphamvu mu mitundu ikuluikulu ya 4: AC-DC (rectifier), AC. -AC (inverter, etc.), DC-DC (chopper), ndi DC-AC (inverter).

Switching rectifiers (AC-DC) imagwira ntchito makamaka potembenuza magetsi a AC kukhala magetsi a DC ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu ma adapter amagetsi apakompyuta.

Otembenuza a AC-AC (AC-AC) ali ndi udindo wotembenuza mafupipafupi ena a mphamvu ya AC kukhala ina yokhazikika kapena yosinthika ya mphamvu ya AC.

Chosinthira cha DC-DC (DC-DC) chimasintha mphamvu ya DC kukhala mphamvu ina ya DC yokhala ndi ma frequency osiyanasiyana, gawo, pano, ndi ma voltage.

Ma inverters (DC-AC) osinthira omwe amasintha mphamvu ya DC kukhala mphamvu ya AC, ena amawatcha otembenuza, ndipo ndi zigawo zazikulu za AC zotulutsa zosinthira magetsi ndi magetsi osasokoneza (UPS).

Tchipisi zowongolera mphamvu ndi mabwalo ophatikizika kasamalidwe ka mphamvu zomwe ntchito zake zazikulu ndi kuwongolera voteji, kukwera kwamagetsi, kusinthasintha kosalekeza, kutembenuka kwa AC-DC, ndi zina zambiri. Iwo amagawidwa m'magulu owongolera magetsi (LDO), tchipisi chapampu (Charger-pump), DC. -DC converters (DC-DC), AC-DC converters (AC-DC), LED driver chips, etc. Ntchito zofananira ndi ma charger ndi madalaivala a LED pamagetsi ogula monga mafoni am'manja ndi makompyuta apakompyuta.Mwachitsanzo, magetsi owongolera magetsi amatsitsa mphamvu ya mains 220V ndikutulutsa magetsi otsika a DC kuti agwiritse ntchito pamakompyuta apakompyuta;Madalaivala a LED amawonjezera mphamvu zamkati zama foni am'manja kuti aziyendetsa makamera.