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1.Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa zinthu za silicon

M'makampani a semiconductor, zipangizo za silicon zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma diode / transistors, ma circuits integrated, rectifiers, thyristors, ndi zina zotero. ndi zina;mabwalo ophatikizika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakompyuta osiyanasiyana, kulumikizana, kuwulutsa, kuwongolera zokha, mawotchi apakompyuta, zida, ndi mita, ndi zina zambiri;zokonzanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukonzanso;thyristors amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu Rectifiers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukonzanso, kufalitsa kwa DC, ndi kugawa, ma locomotives amagetsi, kudziletsa kwa zipangizo, oscillator othamanga kwambiri, ndi zina zotero;zowunikira ma ray zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwunika mphamvu ya atomiki, kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka;ma cell a dzuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mphamvu ya dzuwa.

2.Kodi pali chip chamtsogolo chomwe chingalowe m'malo mwa silicon?

Silicon ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano, koma kutuluka kwa graphene, komwe kumatchedwa "mfumu ya zipangizo zatsopano", kwachititsa akatswiri ambiri kulosera kuti graphene ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira silicon, koma idzadalira kwambiri mafakitale ake. chitukuko.

Chifukwa chiyani graphene imakondedwa?Kupatula katundu wake wa semiconductor, omwe sali otsika kuposa a silicon, alinso ndi zabwino zambiri zomwe silicon alibe.Monga malire opangira silicon amaonedwa kuti ndi 10nm line m'lifupi mwake, mwa kuyankhula kwina, njira yocheperako ndi 10nm, mankhwala a silicon adzakhala osakhazikika ndipo ndondomekoyi idzakhala yovuta kwambiri.Kuti mukwaniritse magawo apamwamba ophatikizika ndi magwiridwe antchito, zida zatsopano za semiconductor ziyenera kukonzedwa, ndipo graphene imakhala yabwino.Asayansi awona quantum Hall zotsatira mu graphene kutentha kwa firiji, ndipo zinthu sizimabwerera mmbuyo zikakumana ndi zonyansa, kutanthauza kuti zimakhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi.Kuphatikiza apo, graphene imawoneka yowoneka bwino, ndipo mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino samangowoneka bwino komanso amasintha ndi makulidwe a graphene.Chifukwa chake nyumbayi imawerengedwa kuti ndiyoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma optoelectronics.

Mwina chifukwa cha bullishness wa graphene komanso zimadalira munthu wina: mpweya nanomaterials.Ma carbon nanotubes ndi opanda msoko, machubu opanda pake opangidwa kuchokera ku mapepala a graphene okulungidwa m'thupi lokhala ndi magetsi abwino kwambiri komanso makoma owonda kwambiri.Mwachidziwitso, kachipangizo ka carbon nanotube ndi kakang'ono kuposa kachipangizo ka silicon pamlingo womwewo wa kuphatikiza;kuonjezera apo, ma carbon nanotubes okha amatulutsa kutentha kochepa kwambiri, komwe, pamodzi ndi matenthedwe awo abwino, amatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu;ndipo ponena za mtengo wopezera chinthu cha carbon, sizovuta kupeza zinthu za carbon, chifukwa cha kugawidwa kwake kwakukulu komanso zomwe zili padziko lapansi.

Zachidziwikire, graphene tsopano yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazowonera, mabatire, ndi zida zotha kuvala, ndipo asayansi apita patsogolo kwambiri pankhani ya kafukufukuyu, koma chonsecho, ngati graphene ikufuna kusintha silicon ndikukhala chinthu chodziwika bwino cha tchipisi, kuyesetsa kwambiri kungatheke. zofunika pakupanga ndi luso la zipangizo zothandizira.