Makhalidwe a Zamalonda

Kutchova njuga kwina kwakukulu kwa chimphona cha chip

Intel sakuwoneka kuti alibe kulimba mtima kuti athyole msana wake.

Mukatembenuza manja a nthawi kubwerera ku 1985, mudzapeza kuti Intel ikupanga chisankho chomwecho lero monga momwe idachitira nthawiyo - kuchoka pamsika wosungirako.

Zaka makumi atatu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo, chinali chisankho ichi chotuluka pamsika wosungirako zomwe zidapangitsa kuti Intel ikhale yotsogola mu gawo la microprocessor.Kotero zaka 37 pambuyo pake, ndi tsogolo lotani lomwe lingaliro lomweli lidzabweretse ku Intel?

Kusiya kusungirako kuti mutenge malo okwera a CPU

M'zaka makumi awiri kapena zitatu zapitazi, Intel anali ndi mphamvu zonse m'munda wa ma microprocessors apakompyuta, nthawi ina akugwira ntchito yoposa 80% ya msika wapadziko lonse wa makompyuta ndi ma seva, ndipo gawo la CPU linali lowala kwambiri moti anthu nthawi ina anaiwala kuti Intel. poyamba anali wopanga semiconductor yosungirako, kampani yoyamba padziko lapansi kugulitsa DRAM.

Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1968, chopangidwa choyamba cha Intel chinali chosinthika cha 64-bit memory chip, codenamed 3101, chomwe chinatsatiridwa ndi kukumbukira kwapamwamba kwambiri (256-bit) metal oxide semiconductor memory, 1101, ndi kukumbukira koyamba kosasinthika kokhala ndi mphamvu. wa 1KB, 1103. “1103″.Ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri / magwiridwe antchito, zosungira za Intel zinali zochepa, ndipo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, Intel anali ngwazi m'munda wa DRAM.

Komabe, kunali kuyamba kwa nkhondo yamtengo wapatali ya ku Japan yomwe inakokera Intel kuchoka pa mpando wachifumu wa semiconductor.

Mu 1976, motsogozedwa ndi Unduna wa Zamalonda ndi Zamalonda ku Japan (MITI), wokhala ndi Hitachi, Mitsubishi, Fujitsu, Toshiba, ndi NEC monga msana wamakampani akuluakulu asanu, Unduna wa Zamalonda Padziko Lonse ndi Zamakampani a Electrical Technology Laboratory (EIL). Japan Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI) Electronics Research Institute ndi Institute of Computer Science and Technology, idapanga "VLSI Joint Research and Development Group", ndikuyika ndalama 72 The VLSI Consortium idapangidwa ndi ndalama zokwana 72 yen kuti ifufuze molumikizana ma microfabrication. matekinoloje a mabwalo ophatikizika.

Mu 1981, nkhondo yeniyeni pakati pa US ndi Japan inayamba.Chip cha 3200 chomwe chinayambitsidwa ndi Panasonic chinakhala kavalo wakuda m'munda wosungirako, ndi mtengo wotsika komanso wodalirika kwambiri kuposa chipangizo cha Intel 8087, ndipo mwamsanga analanda msika wa US.Makampani omangira ankhanza aku Japan adapangitsa kuti mtengo wa ma memory chips a Intel utsike kuchokera ku US $ 28 mpaka US $ 6 mkati mwa chaka, ndipo gawo lake la msika lidatsika mpaka 20%.1984 idawona kugwa kwa magwiridwe antchito a Intel.

Mu 1985, Andy Grove adaganiza zosiya tchipisi tokumbukira, ndikusintha chidwi chabizinesi ya Intel kuchokera ku ma memory chips kupita ku CPU computing chips.Uku kunali kutulutsa koyamba kwa Intel pamsika wosungirako, ndipo chinali chisankho ichi chomwe chidapangitsa kuti Intel ayambe kulamulira msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wa microprocessor.

Intel anali atayambitsa kale microprocessor yoyamba padziko lapansi, 4004, mu 1971;8080, yomwe idatamandidwa ndi akatswiri ngati imodzi mwazinthu zopambana kwambiri nthawi zonse, mu 1974;zomangamanga za x86, zomwe tsopano zimadziwika bwino, zidayamba mu purosesa ya 8086 mu 1978;ndi 8088, yomwe inayambitsa nthawi ya microcomputer, mu 1979. Purosesa ya 8088, yomwe inayambitsa nthawi ya makompyuta, inayambitsidwa mu 1979. mainstay kwa Intel panthawiyo, yokhala ndi ma microprocessors okha.

Ataganiza zosintha bizinesi yake mu 1985, Intel idakhazikitsa mapurosesa angapo apamwamba monga 80386, 80486, ndi Pentium (Pentium), pomwe 80386 inali yoyamba 32-bit microprocessor ndipo purosesa ya Pentium inali imodzi mwazopanga kwambiri. matekinoloje ofunikira azaka za m'ma 1990.Mogwirizana ndi Microsoft, Intel inathetsa ulamuliro wa mfumu yakale, IBM, ndipo inakhala mfumu yatsopano ya dziko la PC, ndipo mpaka lero palibe aliyense mu makampani a PC omwe adatha kuswa Windows plus Intel Wintel model.

Chotsatiracho chinachitika monga momwe tonse tikudziwira, monga makampani apakompyuta, omwe amaimiridwa ndi PC, adamera ndikukhala bwino kwambiri, bizinesi ya Intel ya microprocessor inatha kuchotsa mphamvu ndipo Intel inakula kuchokera kwa wopanga kukumbukira kupita ku chip hegemon.Pofika kotala lachitatu la 2002, gawo la Intel pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi wa microprocessor linali 85.9 peresenti.