Ndi tchipisi zingati mgalimoto?

Ndi tchipisi zingati mgalimoto?Kapena galimoto imafuna tchipisi zingati?

Kunena zoona, ndizovuta kuyankha.Chifukwa zimatengera kapangidwe ka galimoto yokha.Galimoto iliyonse imafunikira tchipisi tosiyanasiyana, kuchokera pa dazeni mpaka mazana, mpaka masauzande kapena masauzande a tchipisi.Ndi chitukuko cha nzeru zamagalimoto, mitundu ya tchipisi idakweranso kuchokera pa 40 kupita kupitilira 150.

Tchipisi zamagalimoto, monga ubongo wamunthu, zitha kugawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi ntchito: makompyuta, kuzindikira, kuphedwa, kulumikizana, kusungirako ndi kupereka mphamvu.

Kugawikana kwina, kumatha kugawidwa kukhala chip control, computing chip, sensor chip, kulumikizana Chip,kukumbukira chip, chitetezo chip, mphamvu chip,driver chip, mphamvu kasamalidwe Chip magulu asanu ndi anayi.

Magulu asanu ndi anayi agalimoto:

1. Chip chowongolera:MCU, SOC

Gawo loyamba lomvetsetsa zamagetsi zamagalimoto ndikumvetsetsa gawo lowongolera zamagetsi.ECU ikhoza kunenedwa kuti ndi kompyuta yophatikizidwa yomwe imayendetsa machitidwe akuluakulu a galimoto.Pakati pawo, pa bolodi MCU angatchedwe kompyuta ubongo ECU galimoto, amene ali ndi udindo mawerengedwe ndi processing wa zidziwitso zosiyanasiyana.

Nthawi zambiri, ECU m'galimoto imayang'anira ntchito yosiyana, yokhala ndi MCU, malinga ndi Deppon Securities.Pakhoza kukhalanso zochitika pomwe ECU imodzi imakhala ndi ma MCUS awiri.

MCUS imapanga pafupifupi 30% ya zida za semiconductor zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'galimoto, ndipo osachepera 70 amafunikira pagalimoto iliyonse.ali pamwamba pa MCU chip.

2. Chip computing: CPU, GPU

CPU nthawi zambiri imakhala malo owongolera pa SoC chip.Ubwino wake wagona pakukonzekera, kasamalidwe ndi luso logwirizanitsa.Komabe, CPU ili ndi mayunitsi ochepa apakompyuta ndipo sangathe kukumana ndi ntchito zingapo zosavuta zofananira.Chifukwa chake, chipangizo chodziyimira payokha cha SoC nthawi zambiri chimafunika kuphatikiza Xpus imodzi kapena zingapo kuwonjezera pa CPU kuti mumalize kuwerengera kwa AI.

3. Chip mphamvu: IGBT, silicon carbide, mphamvu MOSFET

Mphamvu ya semiconductor ndiye pakatikati pa kutembenuka kwamagetsi amagetsi ndi kuwongolera madera pazida zamagetsi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kusintha ma voliyumu ndi ma frequency pazida zamagetsi, DC ndi AC kutembenuka.

Kutenga mphamvu MOSFET mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi deta, mu magalimoto amtundu wa mafuta, kuchuluka kwa MOSFET yotsika kwambiri pa galimoto iliyonse ndi pafupifupi 100. M'magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapakati ndi MOSFET kwapakati pa galimoto kwawonjezeka kwambiri. kuposa 200. M'tsogolomu, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa MOSFET pa galimoto pakati ndi zitsanzo zapamwamba zikuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka kufika ku 400.

4. Chip choyankhulirana: ma cellular, WLAN, LIN, V2X yolunjika, UWB, CAN, malo a satellite, NFC, Bluetooth, ETC, Efaneti ndi zina zotero;

Chip choyankhulirana chikhoza kugawidwa mu mawaya olankhulana ndi kuyankhulana opanda zingwe.

Kuyankhulana kwa mawaya kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakupatsirana kwa data pakati pa zida zagalimoto.

Kulankhulana opanda zingwe kumatha kuzindikira kulumikizana pakati pa galimoto ndi galimoto, galimoto ndi anthu, galimoto ndi zida, galimoto ndi malo ozungulira.

Pakati pawo, chiwerengero cha ma transceivers ndi chachikulu, malinga ndi deta yamakampani, pafupifupi CAN / LIN transceiver yogwiritsira ntchito galimoto ndi osachepera 70-80, ndipo magalimoto ena ogwira ntchito amatha kufika kuposa 100, kapena kuposa 200.

5. Chip Memory: DRAM, NOR FLASH, EEPROM, SRAM, NAND FLASH

Chip kukumbukira galimoto makamaka ntchito kusunga mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana ndi deta galimoto.

Malinga ndi chigamulo cha kampani ya semiconductor ku South Korea pakufunika kwa DRAM yamagalimoto oyendetsa anzeru, galimoto ikuyembekezeka kukhala yofunika kwambiri ya DRAM/NAND Flash mpaka 151GB/2TB, motsatana, ndi gulu lowonetsera ndi ADAS yodziyimira payokha. makina oyendetsa amakhala ndi ntchito yayikulu kwambiri yama memory chips.

6. Chip champhamvu/analogi: SBC, kutsogolo kwa analogi, DC/DC, kudzipatula kwa digito, DC/AC

Chip cha analogi ndi mlatho wolumikiza dziko lenileni ndi dziko la digito, makamaka limatanthawuza dera la analogi lomwe limapangidwa ndi kukana, capacitor, transistor, ndi zina zotero. .) Integrated dera.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za Oppenheimer, mabwalo a analogi amakhala 29% ya tchipisi zamagalimoto, pomwe 53% ndi ma sign chain cores ndipo 47% ndi tchipisi tamagetsi.

7. Dalaivala Chip: mkulu mbali dalaivala, otsika mbali dalaivala, LED / anasonyeza, chipata mlingo dalaivala, mlatho, madalaivala ena, etc.

Pamagetsi amagetsi amagalimoto, pali njira ziwiri zoyendetsera katundu: otsika mbali yoyendetsa ndi yokwera mbali.

Ma drive am'mbali amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mipando, kuyatsa, ndi mafani.

Ma drive am'mbali otsika amagwiritsidwa ntchito pama mota, ma heater, ndi zina.

Kutengera galimoto yodziyimira payokha ku United States mwachitsanzo, chowongolera chakutsogolo chokha ndichopangidwa ndi tchipisi 21 zoyendetsa, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto kumapitilira 35.

8. Sensor Chip: akupanga, chithunzi, mawu, laser, inertial navigation, millimeter wave, fingerprint, infrared, voltage, kutentha, panopa, chinyezi, malo, kuthamanga.

Masensa amagalimoto amatha kugawidwa m'masensa amthupi ndi masensa ozindikira zachilengedwe.

Pogwiritsa ntchito galimotoyo, sensa ya galimoto imatha kusonkhanitsa chikhalidwe cha thupi (monga kutentha, kuthamanga, malo, kuthamanga, ndi zina zotero) ndi chidziwitso cha chilengedwe, ndikusintha zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi kuti ziperekedwe ku gawo lapakati lolamulira la galimoto.

Malingana ndi deta, galimoto yanzeru yoyendetsa galimoto ya 2 ikuyembekezeka kunyamula masensa asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo galimoto ya L5 ikuyembekezeka kunyamula masensa 32.

9. Chip chitetezo: T-Box/V2X chitetezo chip, eSIM/eSAM chitetezo chip

Chip chitetezo chagalimoto ndi mtundu wozungulira wophatikizika wokhala ndi algorithm yamkati yophatikizika ya cryptographic ndi kapangidwe ka anti-attack.

Masiku ano, ndi kukula kwapang'onopang'ono kwa magalimoto anzeru, kuchuluka kwa zida zamagetsi m'galimoto kudzawonjezeka, ndipo kumayendetsedwa ndi kukula kwa tchipisi.

Malinga ndi zomwe zaperekedwa ndi China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, kuchuluka kwa tchipisi zamagalimoto zomwe zimafunikira pamagalimoto amtundu wamafuta ndi 600-700, kuchuluka kwa tchipisi tofunikira pamagalimoto amagetsi kudzakwera mpaka 1600 / galimoto, komanso kufunikira kwa tchipisi tamagetsi. magalimoto apamwamba kwambiri akuyembekezeka kukwera mpaka 3000 / galimoto.

Tinganene kuti galimoto yamakono ili ngati kompyuta yaikulu pa wheels.