Chip chotentha cha Ic (Electronic Components IC Semiconductor chip ) XAZU3EG-1SFVC784I

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dongosolo-pa-chip(SoC)

Adongosolo pa chipkapenadongosolo-pa-chip(SoC) ndiIntegrated derazomwe zimaphatikizira mbali zambiri kapena zonse zamakompyuta kapena zinadongosolo lamagetsi.Zigawozi pafupifupi nthawi zonse zimaphatikizapo achapakati processing unit(CPU),kukumbukirainterfaces, pa-chipzolowetsa/zotulutsazipangizo,zolowetsa/zotulutsainterfaces, ndiyosungirako yachiwirima interfaces, nthawi zambiri pamodzi ndi zigawo zina mongama radio modemndi agraphics processing unit(GPU) - zonse pa imodzigawo lapansikapena microchip.^[1]Ikhoza kukhala ndidigito,analogi,chizindikiro chosakanikirana, ndipo kawirikawirimawayilesi pafupipafupi kukonza chizindikirontchito (apo ayi zimangotengedwa ngati purosesa yogwiritsira ntchito).

Ma SoC ochita bwino kwambiri nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi kukumbukira kodzipatulira komanso kosiyana ndi kusungidwa kwachiwiri (mongaChithunzi cha LPDDRndieUFSkapenaeMMC, motsatana) tchipisi, zomwe zitha kukhala pamwamba pa SoC zomwe zimadziwika kuti aphukusi pa paketi(PoP) kasinthidwe, kapena kuyikidwa pafupi ndi SoC.Kuphatikiza apo, ma SoC atha kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zopanda zingwemodemu.^[2]

Ma SoC amasiyana ndi miyambo wambabolodi-zokhazikikaPC zomangamanga, yomwe imalekanitsa zigawo zochokera ku ntchito ndikuzigwirizanitsa kudzera pa bolodi lapakati la interfacing circuit.^{[nb 1]}Pomwe bolodi la amayi limakhala ndi nyumba ndikulumikiza zinthu zomwe zimatha kuchotsedwa kapena zosinthika, ma SoCs amaphatikiza zonsezi kukhala gawo limodzi lophatikizika.SoC idzaphatikiza CPU, zithunzi ndi kukumbukira kukumbukira,^{[nb 2]}yosungirako yachiwiri ndi kulumikizidwa kwa USB,^{[nb 3]} kulowa mwachisawawandikuwerenga kokha kukumbukirandi kusungirako kwachiwiri ndi / kapena olamulira awo pa dera limodzi amafa, pamene bolodi la amayi limagwirizanitsa ma modules ngatizigawo zikuluzikulukapenamakhadi okulitsa.

SoC ikuphatikiza amicrocontroller,microprocessorkapena mwina ma processor cores angapo okhala ndi zotumphukira ngati aGPU,Wifindima cellular networkma modemu a wailesi, ndi/kapena imodzi kapena zingapocoprocessors.Mofanana ndi momwe microcontroller imaphatikizira microprocessor yokhala ndi mabwalo ozungulira ndi kukumbukira, SoC imatha kuwoneka ngati ikuphatikiza microcontroller ndi zapamwamba kwambiri.zotumphukira.Kuti muwone mwachidule za kuphatikiza zigawo zamakina, onanikuphatikiza dongosolo.

Mawonekedwe ophatikizika kwambiri apakompyuta amawongolerantchitondi kuchepetsakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvukomansosemiconductor kufamalo kuposa mapangidwe amitundu yambiri okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ofanana.Izi zimabwera pamtengo wochepetsedwakusinthaza zigawo.Mwa kutanthauzira, mapangidwe a SoC amakhala ophatikizika kwathunthu kapena pafupifupi ophatikizidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyanama modules.Pazifukwa izi, pakhala pali chizolowezi chambiri pakuphatikizana kolimba kwa zigawo mumakampani opanga makompyuta, mwa zina chifukwa cha chikoka cha SoCs ndi maphunziro omwe taphunzira kuchokera kumisika yam'manja ndi yophatikizidwa ndi makompyuta.Ma SoC amatha kuwonedwa ngati gawo lachitukuko chokulirapokompyuta ophatikizidwandihardware mathamangitsidwe.

Ma SoCs ndi ofala kwambirimafoni kompyuta(monga mumafonindimakompyuta apakompyuta) ndikompyuta m'mphepetemisika.^[3][4]Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri mumachitidwe ophatikizidwamonga WiFi routers ndiIntaneti zinthu.

Mitundu

Mwambiri, pali mitundu itatu yosiyanitsidwa ya SoCs:

• Ma SoCs omangidwa mozungulira amicrocontroller,
• Ma SoCs omangidwa mozungulira amicroprocessor, nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mafoni a m'manja;
• Zapaderantchito-enieni Integrated deraMa SoC opangidwira mapulogalamu apadera omwe sakukwanira m'magulu awiriwa.

Mapulogalamu[sinthani]

Ma SoC atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito iliyonse yamakompyuta.Komabe, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakompyuta am'manja monga mapiritsi, mafoni am'manja, ma smartwatches ndi ma netbook komansomachitidwe ophatikizidwandi m'mapulogalamu omwe kalema microcontrollerzingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Machitidwe ophatikizidwa[sinthani]

Kumene m'mbuyomu ma microcontrollers okha ndi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito, ma SoC akukwera kutchuka pamsika wamakina ophatikizidwa.Kuphatikiza kwadongosolo kolimba kumapereka kudalirika kwabwinoko komansokutanthauza nthawi pakati pa kulephera, ndipo SoCs imapereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri komanso mphamvu zamakompyuta kuposa ma microcontrollers.^[5]Mapulogalamu akuphatikizapoKuthamanga kwa AI, ophatikizidwamakina masomphenya,^[6] kusonkhanitsa deta,telemetry,vekitala processingndinzeru zozungulira.Nthawi zambiri ma SoCs ophatikizidwa amayang'anaintaneti ya zinthu,intaneti yazinthu zamagetsindikompyuta m'mphepetemisika.

Makompyuta am'manja[sinthani]

Makompyuta am'manjaMa SoCs okhazikika nthawi zonse amanyamula ma processor, kukumbukira, pa-chipposungira,opanda zingweluso komanso nthawi zambirikamera ya digitohardware ndi firmware.Ndi kukula kwa kukumbukira, ma SoC apamwamba nthawi zambiri sadzakhala ndi kukumbukira ndi kusungirako flash ndipo m'malo mwake, kukumbukira ndiflash memoryzidzayikidwa pafupi ndi, kapena pamwamba (phukusi pa paketi), ndi SoC.^[7]Zitsanzo zina zamakompyuta am'manja a SoCs ndi awa:

• Samsung Electronics:mndandanda, makamaka zochokeraARM
  • Exynos, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi SamsungGalaxymndandanda wa mafoni
• Qualcomm:
  • Snapdragon(mndandanda), amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiriLG,Xiaomi,Google Pixel,HTCndi mafoni a m'manja a Samsung Galaxy.Mu 2018, Snapdragon SoCs ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati msana wamakompyuta apakompyutakuthamangaWindows 10, ogulitsidwa ngati "Ma PC Olumikizidwa Nthawi Zonse".^[8][9]