Mtengo wa BOM Zamagetsi Zamagetsi Woyendetsa IC Chip IR2103STRPBF

Makhalidwe a Zamalonda

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Zachilengedwe & Zogulitsa kunja

Oyendetsa Ma Gate

Dalaivala wa pachipata ndi amplifier yamphamvu yomwe imavomereza kulowetsedwa kwa mphamvu zochepa kuchokera kwa wolamulira IC ndipo imapanga cholowera chapamwamba chapakhomo la transistor yamphamvu kwambiri monga IGBT kapena mphamvu MOSFET.Madalaivala a zipata atha kuperekedwa pa-chip kapena ngati gawo la discrete.M'malo mwake, dalaivala wa chipata amakhala ndi chosinthira mulingo kuphatikiza ndi amplifier.Woyendetsa zipata IC amagwira ntchito ngati mawonekedwe pakati pa ma siginecha owongolera (owongolera digito kapena analogi) ndi ma switch switch (IGBTs, MOSFETs, SiC MOSFETs, ndi GaN HEMTs).Njira yophatikizira yoyendetsa zipata imachepetsa zovuta zamapangidwe, nthawi yachitukuko, bilu yazinthu (BOM), ndi malo a board pomwe ikuwongolera kudalirika pamayankho oyendetsedwa ndi zipata.

Mbiri

Mu 1989, International Rectifier (IR) idayambitsa chida choyamba choyendetsa chipata cha monolithic HVIC, ukadaulo wa high-voltage Integrated circuit (HVIC) umagwiritsa ntchito zida zokhala ndi zovomerezeka komanso zamtundu wa monolithic kuphatikiza zida za bipolar, CMOS, ndi zida zam'mbali za DMOS zokhala ndi ma voltages osweka pamwamba pa 700 V ndi 1400. V pakugwiritsa ntchito ma voltages a 600 V ndi 1200 V. [2]

Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosakanikirana wa HVIC, mabwalo onse osunthika apamwamba kwambiri komanso ma analogi otsika kwambiri ndi ma digito amatha kukhazikitsidwa.Ndi kuthekera koyika ma circuitry okwera kwambiri (mu 'chitsime' chopangidwa ndi mphete za polysilicon), zomwe zimatha 'kuyandama' 600 V kapena 1200 V, pa silikoni yomweyo kutali ndi zozungulira zina zotsika, zakutali. ma MOSFET amphamvu kapena ma IGBT amapezeka m'magawo ambiri odziwika akunja monga buck, synchronous boost, half-bridge, full-bridge and three phase.Madalaivala a zipata za HVIC okhala ndi masiwichi oyandama ndi oyenerana bwino ndi ma topology omwe amafunikira masinthidwe ammbali, theka la mlatho, ndi magawo atatu.[3]

Cholinga

Mosiyana ndibipolar transistors, ma MOSFET safuna kulowetsa mphamvu nthawi zonse, bola ngati sakuyatsidwa kapena kuzimitsa.Chipata chakutali-electrode cha MOSFET chimapanga acapacitor(gate capacitor), yomwe iyenera kulipitsidwa kapena kutulutsidwa nthawi iliyonse MOSFET ikayatsidwa kapena kuzimitsidwa.Monga transistor imafuna magetsi enaake a pachipata kuti azitha kuyatsa, capacitor yachipata iyenera kulipiritsidwa mpaka voteji yofunikira kuti transistor iyatse.Mofananamo, kuti muzimitsa transistor, ndalamazi ziyenera kutayidwa, mwachitsanzo, capacitor yachipata iyenera kutulutsidwa.

Pamene transistor yazimitsidwa kapena kuzimitsidwa, sichisintha nthawi yomweyo kuchoka ku chosayendetsa kupita ku dziko loyendetsa;ndipo imatha kuthandizira kwakanthawi mphamvu yamagetsi yayikulu ndikupangitsa mphamvu yayikulu.Chifukwa chake, chipata chamagetsi chikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa transistor kuti chisinthe, kutentha kwina kumapangidwa komwe kumatha, nthawi zina, kukhala kokwanira kuwononga transistor.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusunga nthawi yosinthira kukhala yayifupi momwe mungathere, kuti muchepetsekusintha kusintha[de].Nthawi zosinthira zili mumitundu yama microseconds.Kusintha kwa nthawi ya transistor ndikosiyana molingana ndi kuchuluka kwapanopaanali kulipiritsa pachipata.Chifukwa chake, mafunde osinthira nthawi zambiri amafunikira m'ma mazana angapomilliampere, kapena ngakhale m'magulu aampere.Kwa ma voltages wamba a chipata pafupifupi 10-15V, angapowattsmphamvu ingafunike kuyendetsa chosinthira.Pamene mafunde akuluakulu asinthidwa pamafuriji apamwamba, mwachitsanzo inZosintha za DC-to-DCkapena chachikulumagalimoto amagetsi, ma transistors angapo nthawi zina amaperekedwa mofanana, kuti apereke mokwanira mafunde apamwamba osinthasintha ndi mphamvu zosinthira.

Chizindikiro chosinthira cha transistor nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi logic circuit kapena amicrocontroller, yomwe imapereka chizindikiro chotulutsa chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi ma milliampere angapo apano.Chifukwa chake, transistor yomwe imayendetsedwa mwachindunji ndi siginecha yotere imatha kusintha pang'onopang'ono, ndikutaya mphamvu kwambiri.Pakusintha, capacitor ya chipata cha transistor imatha kukoka mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti imayambitsa kuchulukirachulukira mudera la logic kapena microcontroller, kupangitsa kutentha kwambiri komwe kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kosatha kapena kuwononga kwathunthu kwa chip.Kuti izi zisachitike, woyendetsa pachipata amaperekedwa pakati pa chizindikiro cha microcontroller ndi transistor yamagetsi.

Mapampu opangiraamagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiriH-Bridgesm'madalaivala apamwamba pazipata zoyendetsa mbali yapamwamba ya n-channelmphamvu MOSFETsndiZithunzi za IGBT.Zipangizozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chakuchita bwino, koma zimafuna magetsi oyendetsa chipata ma volts ochepa pamwamba pa njanji yamagetsi.Pakatikati pa mlatho wa theka ikatsika, capacitor imaperekedwa kudzera pa diode, ndipo mtengowo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa chipata cha FET chipata chapamwamba ma volts angapo pamwamba pa gwero kapena emitter pini voteji kuti muyatse.Njirayi imagwira ntchito bwino ngati mlatho umasinthidwa pafupipafupi ndikupewa zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito magetsi osiyana komanso kulola kuti zida zogwirira ntchito za n-channel zizigwiritsidwa ntchito pa masiwichi apamwamba komanso otsika.