Makhalidwe a Zamalonda

Microsemi

Microsemi Corporation, yomwe ili ku Irvine, California, ndi mlengi wotsogola, wopanga, ndi wogulitsa ma analogi apamwamba kwambiri komanso osakanikirana osakanikirana ndi ma semiconductors odalirika omwe amayang'anira ndi kulamulira kapena kuyendetsa magetsi, kuteteza motsutsana ndi ma spikes amagetsi osakhalitsa ndi kutumiza. , kulandira ndi kukulitsa zizindikiro.

Zogulitsa za Microsemi zimaphatikizapo zigawo zoimirira ndi njira zophatikizira zozungulira zomwe zimakulitsa mapangidwe a kasitomala popititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika, kukhathamiritsa mabatire, kuchepetsa kukula, ndi kuteteza mabwalo.mapulogalamu.

Chiyambi cha FPGAs ku Microsemi

Microsemi adapeza Actel mu 2010, ndikupanga FPGAs ya Microsemi kukhala zaka makumi atatu.Ma FPGA a Actel akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pamapulogalamu opitilira 300 pazaka khumi zapitazi, kutsimikizira kuti ma FPGA a Actel ndi odalirika.

Zida zotsutsana ndi fusezi zinali makamaka pamsika wankhondo ndipo sizinatsegulidwe pamsika wa anthu wamba, kotero kuti mawonekedwe a Actel anali osadziwika mpaka 2002 pomwe ma FPGA ake a Flash-based FPGA adayambitsidwa, kuwulula chinsinsi cha Actel, chomwe chapanga pang'onopang'ono. njira yake yopita kumsika wamba ndipo imadziwika kwa aliyense.Zomangamanga zoyamba za Flash FPGA zinali ProASIC, zomwe mawonekedwe ake amtundu umodzi wofanana ndi ma CPLD komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba kuposa ma CPLD adatamandidwa ndi akatswiri opanga chitukuko, ndipo anthu ochulukirachulukira adagwiritsa ntchito kamangidwe ka Flash ka FPGAs m'malo mwa ma CPLD oyambilira. SRAM FPGAs.

Pamene zosowa za anthu zikupitilirabe kusintha, Actel ikusintha mosalekeza ukadaulo wake wa FPGA, kuyeretsa nthawi zonse ndikulemeretsa ntchito ndi zida zamkati za FPGAs, ndipo mu 2005 Actel idakhazikitsa m'badwo wachitatu wa zomangamanga za Flash FPGAs - ProASIC3/E.Kukhazikitsidwa bwino kwa ProASIC3/E kunalengeza za chitukuko chatsopano.Kukhazikitsidwa bwino kwa ProASIC3/E kunalengeza "nkhondo" yatsopano pakati pa ma FPGA.Banja la ProASIC3/E linapangidwa kuti ligwirizane ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa msika kwa FPGA zodzaza, zotsika mtengo kwa ogula, magalimoto, ndi ntchito zina zotsika mtengo.Zotsatirazi ndizinthu za Actel.

Fusion: FPGA yoyamba yamakampani yokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito a analogi, kuphatikiza 12-bit AD, Flash Memory, RTC, ndi zida zina kuti SoC ichitike.

IGLOO: FPGA yamphamvu kwambiri yotsika kwambiri yokhala ndi Flash *Imayimitsa kugona, momwe mphamvu yotsika kwambiri imafikira 5µW komanso momwe RAM ndi zolembera zimasungidwa.

IGLOO2: kukhathamiritsa kwa I/O kutengera IGLOO, ndikupereka madoko ochulukirapo a I/O, kuthandizira zolowetsa za Smitter trigger, mapulagi otentha, ndi zina.

ProASIC3L: sizimangokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba a ProASIC3 komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa.

Nano: FPGA yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotsika kwambiri pamakampani, yokhala ndi mphamvu zochepera 2µW, yokhala ndi phukusi laling'ono la 3mm * 3mm ndi mitengo yoyambira yotsika kwambiri ya US$0.46.

Zotsatizanazi zonse ndi gawo la FPGAs zamtundu wachitatu wa Actel, zomwe mawonekedwe ake amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zamisika yosiyanasiyana ndikubweretsera ogwiritsa ntchito zosankha zingapo komanso zotsatira zosayembekezereka kuti apititse patsogolo mpikisano wazogulitsa zawo.Tiyeni tiwone zochititsa chidwi za FPGAs za Actel za m'badwo wachitatu wa Flash.

Polarfire FPGA banja

Microsemi's PolarFire FPGAs ndi zida za FPGA za m'badwo wachisanu zosasinthika zomwe zili ndi ukadaulo waposachedwa wa 28nm wosasunthika, kachulukidwe kakang'ono, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwambiri, kamangidwe kamphamvu kwambiri ka FPGA, mphamvu yotsika kwambiri ya 12.7Gbps transceiver, yomangidwa mkati mwapawiri PCI Express Gen2 (EP/RP) komanso zida zotetezedwa za data zomwe mungasankhe komanso purosesa yophatikizika yamphamvu yocheperako.Ndi ma cell ofikira a 481K, ma voltages ogwiritsira ntchito 1.0V-1.05V, komanso kutentha kwamalonda (0 ° C - 100 ° C) ndi mafakitale (-40 ° C - 100 ° C), mzere wazogulitsa wa Microsemi's FPGA ndi wotakata, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa PolarFire kumakulitsa msika womwe ungakhalepo wa ma FPGA ku msika wa $ 2.5 biliyoni wapakatikati.

Chifukwa chiyani mumagwiritsa ntchito Microsemi FPGAs

1 Chitetezo chachikulu

Chitetezo cha kamangidwe ka Actel Flash FPGAs chikuwonetsedwa m'magawo atatu achitetezo.

Wosanjikiza woyamba ndi wa chitetezo chakuthupi, ma transistors amtundu wachitatu wa Actel wa FPGAs amatetezedwa ndi zigawo 7 zachitsulo, kuchotsa chitsulo chosanjikiza kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuti tikwaniritse uinjiniya (kudzera njira zina kuchotsa chitsulo). wosanjikiza kuti muwone kusintha kwa ma transistors amkati motero kuberekanso kapangidwe kake);Ma FPGA a Flash ndi osasunthika, palibe chip chosinthira chakunja chomwe chimafunikira, chip chimodzi, Imatha kuyatsidwa ndikuthamanga popanda kuopa kuthamangitsidwa kwa mtsinje wa data panthawi yokonzekera.

Chigawo chachiwiri ndi ukadaulo wa Flash Lock encryption, womwe monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera ndikutseka kwa ma cell a Flash.Ndi 128-bit encryption algorithm yomwe imalepheretsa ntchito zosaloleka pa chip potsitsa kiyi ku chip kuti ibisike, ndipo popanda kiyi, chip sichingakonzedwe, kufufutidwa, kutsimikiziridwa, ndi zina zotero. tekinoloje, yomwe ndi njira ya 128-bit encryption aligorivimu yomwe imalepheretsa magwiridwe antchito osaloleka pa chip potsitsa kiyi ya chip kuti ibisike.

Gawo lachitatu ndi luso laukadaulo lomwe limabisa mafayilo amapulogalamu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadziko lonse lapansi ya AES encryption algorithm, encryption algorithm yomwe imatsatira chikalata cha US Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) chikalata 192, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabungwe aboma la US kuteteza zidziwitso zapagulu.Ma aligorivimu amatha kukhala ndi makiyi pafupifupi 3.4 x 1038 128-bit, poyerekeza ndi makiyi a 56-bit omwe ali mulingo wakale wa DES, womwe umapereka makiyi pafupifupi 7.2 x 1016.Mu 2000, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) idatengera mulingo wa AES kuti usinthe mulingo wa 1977 DES, ndikuwongolera kwambiri kudalirika kwa kubisa.NIST ikuwonetsa chitetezo chamalingaliro choperekedwa ndi AES powonetsa kuti ngati makina apakompyuta amatha kuthyola makiyi a 56-bit DES pamphindi imodzi, zitha kutenga pafupifupi zaka 149 trilioni kuti ziswe fungulo la 128-bit AES, pomwe chilengedwe chimalembedwa kuti zaka zosakwana 20 biliyoni, kotero mutha kulingalira momwe chitetezo chilili chodalirika.

Ma Actel Flash FPGAs, kutengera chitetezo chapatatu pamwambapa, amalola IP yamtengo wapatali ya wosuta kuti ikhale yotetezedwa komanso imapangitsa ISP yakutali kukhala yotheka, yomwe ipereka chitetezo chodalirika pamapangidwe amalingaliro osinthika.

2 Kudalirika kwakukulu

Mitundu iwiri ya zolakwa ndizosapeŵeka mu ma transistors a SRAM: Zolakwika Zofewa ndi Zolakwa Zolimba, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi tinthu tambiri tambiri (manyutroni, tinthu tating'onoting'ono) mumlengalenga ndikuphulitsa ma transistors a SRAM, omwe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwamphamvu, amatha kusintha. mkhalidwe wa transistor pa kugunda ndi transistor inayake.

Chomwe chimatchedwa cholakwika chofewa chimakhala cha kukumbukira kwa SRAM, mwachitsanzo, SRAM, DRAM, ndi zina. Pamene tinthu tambiri tambiri tagunda kukumbukira kwa data ya SRAM, kuchuluka kwa data kumasinthidwa, kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 1 kapena 1 mpaka 0, zomwe zimabweretsa kulakwitsa kwa data kwakanthawi, komwe kudzatha data ikalembedwanso.Izi ndi zolakwika zomwe zitha kubwezeredwa ndipo zitha kuchepetsedwa ndi FPGA's yomangidwa mkati yozindikira zolakwika ndi kukonza (EDAC).

Cholakwika cha firmware ndi pamene SRAM FPGA kasinthidwe ka cell kapena cabling kamangidwe kawomberedwa ndi tinthu tamphamvu mumlengalenga, zomwe zimabweretsa kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito kapena cholakwika cha waya chomwe chingapangitse kulephera kwathunthu kwadongosolo ndikupitilira mpaka kufufuzidwa ndi kukonzedwa.

Zomangamanga za Actel Flash sizimakhudzidwa ndi zolakwika za firmware chifukwa chaukadaulo wake wapadera wa Flash, womwe umafunika mphamvu yayikulu kuti isinthe mawonekedwe a transistor mu Flash process, chofunikira chomwe sichingakwaniritsidwe ndi tinthu tating'ono tamphamvu, kotero kuwopseza sikungachitike. - alipo.

3 Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa

Pali mitundu inayi yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu mu FPGAs: mphamvu-mmwamba, mphamvu yosinthira, mphamvu yosasunthika, ndi mphamvu zosunthika.Nthawi zambiri, ma FPGA ali ndi mitundu yonse inayi yakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, pomwe Actel Flash FPGAs ali ndi mphamvu zokhazikika komanso mphamvu zosunthika, palibe mphamvu zowonjezera kapena mphamvu zosinthira, chifukwa kukweza sikufuna kuyambitsa kwakukulu, komanso kutsika pansi. sichimasinthasintha ndipo sichifuna kasinthidwe.

Ma FPGA opangidwa ndi Flash amapangidwa ndi ma transistors awiri pa switch yosinthika, pomwe ma FPGA opangidwa ndi SRAM amapangidwa ndi ma transistors asanu ndi limodzi pa switch yosinthika, kutengera kusanthula kwamagetsi osinthira, Flash FPGAs imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kuposa ma SRAM FPGA.

Mndandanda wa Fusion umathandizira njira yochepetsera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu pomwe chip palokha chikhoza kupereka magetsi a 1.5 V pachimake ndipo akhoza kuyendetsedwa pansi ndikudzuka kudzera mu RTC yamkati ndi malingaliro a FPGA kuti akwaniritse mphamvu zochepa;ma FPGA a Actel IGLOO ndi IGLOO+ amapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito m'manja ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera a Flash * Freeze amatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi osasunthika mpaka 5uW ndikusunga deta kuchokera ku RAM.

Actel Flash FPGAs idzadya mphamvu zocheperapo kuposa mpikisano, ponse pawiri komanso mwamphamvu, ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ndipo zimafuna mphamvu zochepa, mwachitsanzo ma PDA, ma consoles amasewera, ndi zina zambiri.